Ap Us History Exam Review Quizlet What Is Mercantilism
Without the 13 colonies there would be no AP® U.s.a. History. Kind of obvious, right? Simply how much do you actually know about these early European communities and the governments that they created? It can be a trivial daunting getting them all straight, particularly since they each had their own identities, histories, places of origin, etc. Just not to worry, we've created this APUSH review to get this info down for yous just in fourth dimension for the upcoming AP® U.s.a. History examination.
This APUSH review on the 13 colonies has been organized to provide you lot with all the details you lot volition demand for your exam. We've got the nitty-gritty dates and names of when each colony was created, populated, etc., but nosotros've also organized each colony's history into piece of cake to understand themes, including the analytical information you lot'll need to know for the essay writing sections of the APUSH exam. Stick with this ultimate AP® The states History guide to the thirteen colonies and nosotros'll go you that much closer to earning a 5 on your exam!
The 13 Colonies
Let's get the nigh obvious information out of the style offset. The 13 colonies consisted of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Bailiwick of jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, Due south Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, N Carolina, and Rhode Island (and the Providence Plantations). The colonies eventually spread over almost the entire eastern seaboard of what would get the United States as we know it today, giving each their own uniqueness in terms of geography, economic system, and history. But they did share a number of similarities also.
What follows is a thorough breakdown of both the similarities and differences that brand up the history of the American 13 colonies. Showtime, nosotros are going to categorize the 13 past region: the New England colonies, the Centre colonies, and the southern colonies. Here we will highlight the ways that each colony held historical similarities similar to their region, but unique to the others.
Second, and this is primal for the APUSH examination since it seems to pop up quite a chip, we volition cover the ways that all thirteen colonies maintained cultural, political, and ideological ties to one another. This discussion will be a perfect segue for you to start studying the Revolutionary War (another obvious mutual topic for the AP® United states of america History exam!). And finally, we will tie all this info together by providing you with specific examples of how the lovely people at the College Board have asked about the 13 colonies in previous versions of the APUSH exam.
The xiii Colonies by Region
The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Much like Virginia to the Southward, this is the well-nigh important colony in the northern region of England'south thirteen colony experiment. Originally called the Massachusetts Bay colony, this site was founded in the Plymouth area by the Massachusetts Bay Visitor in 1623. However, unlike the Chesapeake region, money was not the number i business concern of those living in the expanse, religion was.
This colony, correct off the bat, was founded by a pocket-sized group of Puritan separatists (who were also called Pilgrims) who were looking for a safe oasis to practice their faith. Also unlike those to the southward, the colonists who settled here were willing to listen to the native peoples, who ended up helping to teach them the best means to hunt, fish, and farm the area.
The key things to remember about this colony for your upcoming AP® U.s. History exam is that the people of Massachusetts (and much of the residue of New England) were concerned with raising healthy, Christian families more so than making turn a profit. They as well created a representative government, but you had to be a landowning male if you wanted to vote. These 2 things became a leap board for more of the other thirteen colonies in New England to sprout from.
New Hampshire
Every bit Massachusetts continued to grow and succeed as a colony, many wanted to expand the British territories. So, in 1629, an offshoot of colonists from the Massachusetts colony got permission from Plymouth and the crown to create a new colony in what is now New Hampshire and Maine.
Unlike many of the other 13 colonies, New Hampshire residents generally stayed to themselves and kept out of problem. The most important thing to call up from this review of the New England colonies is that New Hampshire was testify that the New England model was expanding its achieve in Northward America. Although they were religiously tolerant, the colonists mirrored what was taking identify in Massachusetts. Their government was tied to the one in Massachusetts; they created small communities of farmer families, and relied on agriculture and timber for turn a profit.
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The state that would come to be known as Rhode Isle was originally settled by the Dutch and was office of the colony of New Netherlands. Much similar New Hampshire, this colony was created as an offshoot of Massachusetts just with its own twist.
Whereas the colonists of New Hampshire were looking for new ventures and new horizons, those of Rhode Isle were looking to escape religious persecution taking identify in Massachusetts. Exiled preacher Roger Williams and Baptist leader Anne Hutchinson each laid claim to all-encompassing plots of country in the area. They somewhen appealed for and received an official charter in 1643.
Dissimilar the other New England colonies, Rhode Island just had an elected "president" as a government representative. Simply what you lot should ultimately take away from this APUSH review is that Rhode Island became a safety oasis for those who were religiously persecuted. Quakers, Jews, Catholics, etc. who did not fit into the Puritan or Protestant models of living institute prophylactic here (for the most part). And the colonies began to await more than various equally fourth dimension went on.
Connecticut
Much similar New Hampshire this New England colony was created as an offshoot of Massachusetts. As successes in farming and family unit life led to growth in the Massachusetts colony, colonists moved north to the New Hampshire expanse, but besides went southward towards the Connecticut River. Finding first-class h2o supplies and fertile land for agriculture, these settlers founded the colony in 1636.
Just there are ii ideas that you really desire to get down for your APUSH examination. Beginning, unlike Rhode Island, founder Thomas Hooker was a Puritan minister and wanted to replicate the religious society that had been created by the founders of Massachusetts. Those who lived in Connecticut elevated religious purity to the highest level, similar to those in Massachusetts. And second, the representative regime that formed in Connecticut created the kickoff constitution of sorts. Called the Cardinal Order (1638), this document argued that the government's job is to protect the rights of the private. This would manifestly become an important model for things to come…
The Centre Colonies
New York
New York was actually originally founded by Dutch colonists. Eventually, however, the area did autumn into the hands of the British in 1664. Afterwards gaining the territory from the Dutch, the King of England gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York (thus, the name). The ties between England and Holland became and so deep in fact that the Prince of Orange married the Duke of York's daughter (they are better known as William and Mary).
Ultimately, what you want to remember about New York for your AP® United states of america test is that it was truly a middle colony. Being smack dab in the middle of the New England and Southern colonies, New York'south harbor acted equally a perfect central trading epicenter for the New World. Considering of this industry boomed in the big cities and agriculture thrived in the more rural areas. New York was besides interesting considering a lot like today, the people who lived there were from all over the place. This meant that dissimilar the other regions, not one religion dominated and in that location was no unmarried economical powerhouse characterized the workforce.
New Jersey
Simply like New York, New Jersey was originally a territory of the Dutch. And, equally a outcome, their histories parallel New York'southward well-nigh perfectly. Just like the other Center Colonies, New Jersey had a long history of population diversity, from the presence of the Dutch, to the French, and even the Swedes in the region. When England gained the territory from the Dutch in 1664, information technology was to be governed by the Duke of York too. Ultimately, neither industry nor agriculture dominated the economy, the population was diverse, and there was no religious monopoly. Just remember for the APUSH examination, that New Jersey and New York or almost exactly the same.
Pennsylvania
Somewhat similar to New York and New Bailiwick of jersey, the land that was to be Pennsylvania was originally occupied past other Europeans. Just instead of the Dutch, this time, it was the Swedes. Simply alas, the Dutch eventually took over anyways. When the British received the Dutch territories in 1664, the king of England used the land to pay off a debt. He owed the Penn family meaning money and gave the land in the New World to William Penn in 1681 as repayment. Pennsylvania really means "Penn'southward woods." Very fitting, right?
Virtually accidentally Penn would help to create on one of the most religiously tolerant places in the xiii colonies. He himself was a Quaker, but did non intend on Pennsylvania to become a Quaker's paradise. Instead, Quakers and other persecuted believers fled Europe and heard that Penn himself was a tolerant man. Plus the land was rich and fertile. This attracted quite a few families who could afford to exit their homeland without falling into servitude.
What is near important about Pennsylvania is that this combination of rich country and religious tolerance helped information technology to become the nigh egalitarian of the xiii colonies. But similar to the other Middle colonies, cities like Philadelphia emerged as industrial hubs, where outside the cities, farming dominated, which led to a diversified economy. Once more, diverse populations, varied economic opportunities, and religious multifariousness characterized this middle colony.
Delaware
Delaware ultimately came every bit a outcome of an argument between Duke Baltimore and William Penn (call back them?). And similar the other Centre Colonies, Delaware began as a Dutch territory, then went to the Swedes, dorsum to the Danes, and so was eventually handed over to the British. Anyways, Penn wanted Pennsylvania access to the bounding main, so he tried to get his hands on the Delaware area, but Baltimore said no style. The battle went on for 100 years until 1750 when the border was finally divers. But what's of import to note for the APUSH exam is how similarly this history is to the rest of the Middle Colonies—in fact, most of the chief actors are even the same!
The Southern Colonies
Virginia (Frequently Called a Chesapeake Colony)
This was the first successful British colony in North American and a topic y'all are merely going to have to know if yous desire to ace your APUSH examination. Whereas previous voyages were more often than not military or intel related, the crown had sent John Smith (backed past the London Company) in 1607 with over 170 colonists with the idea of staying permanently.
This colony was created in the Jamestown area with profit in mind. Unfortunately this almost led to their demise. Men profoundly outnumbered women (and so families didn't grow), they spent almost of their fourth dimension looking for gilt rather than planting crops, and constantly fought with the indigenous peoples. After their first several years, near 80 per centum of the population had perished from starvation or battle.
Two events took place in the early years of the Virginia colony's history that would forever modify the rest of the 13 colonies and the history of the United States forever. First, they began planting tobacco in 1612 which became a huge greenbacks ingather. And second, in 1619 the colonists created the Firm of Burgesses, which was the outset representative form of regime in the New World.
So, in brief, for your APUSH review, retrieve that Virginia was founded equally a coin maker. This also almost led to its downfall until tobacco started bringing in the dough. It became so essential to Virginia that the colonists began using indentured servitude to multiply the production and quickly turned to enslaved Africans (1619) considering that would bring in even more coin. Finally, Virginia is the birthplace of representative government in America. What they did would become a model for the other thirteen colonies.
Maryland (Oftentimes Called a Chesapeake Colony)
Maryland became the fourth colony to exist established in North American b the British. Information technology started off as a proprietary (these were colonies that the rex of queen gave to allies and were ruled by people in place of the British crown) colony granted past the king of England in 1632 to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. If y'all remember annihilation from this APUSH review on Maryland, recollect that information technology was a colony that was created for the idea of religious liberty.
When Lord Baltimore received this land, England was in religious turmoil. Catholics were normally persecuted and being a Catholic himself, Lord Baltimore wanted his Maryland colony to be a safe haven for religious tolerance. But this didn't terminal long and when Protestants outnumbered the Catholics, they overthrew the government and replaced information technology with one that mimicked that of Virginia—Protestant and profitable. These two things would come up to define the 13 colonies.
What started out every bit an experiment in religious freedom ended up equally a place of persecution for not-Protestants. Just they had taxes to pay equally well. With Virginia existence so successful to the south, leaders decided to plow towards the plantation system and the cultivation of tobacco in guild to gain economic profits. Also like Virginia, this led to the increment of labor needs and the eventual exploitation of enslaved Africans.
Northward Carolina and South Carolina
North and S Carolina were actually simply Carolina until the British crown split them in two in 1729. The expanse had originally been fought over between the French, Spanish, and British. The Brits eventually beat them all out and built towns beginning in 1655.
Now, for the APUSH exam, you are going to want to remember about the Southern economy. The area of the Carolinas was actually rather massive, stretching all the way to Florida. But in that location were no existent cities except for Charleston, which became hugely successful because of how close it was to the Caribbean points of trade.
Simply recall that agronomics was king here. And eventually cotton would come to dominate. N Carolina was filled with smaller, struggling farms that ultimately aimed for survival. Just South Carolina had some of the wealthiest colonists in all the 13 colonies. Massive plantations began to develop, with tobacco, indigo, and rice being master products. But cotton before long picked upwards in popularity and the plantation owners increasingly turned to slaves in order to make immense profits. Slavery was so central to S Carolina's economy that in 1720, 65 percent of the population was enslaved.
Georgia
Georgia is sort of the odd homo out here. The area rested in between Florida and the Carolina, and similar we mentioned above, in that location was a abiding struggle going on over the region. This was Georgia for y'all. It was a battleground and nobody wanted to live at that place until the British took over and fabricated it a colony in 1732.
Merely however nobody really wanted to alive there, so the British regular army built a fort and Georgia became sort of a buffer betwixt Spanish Florida and the British 13 colonies. Eventually as the Spanish left Due north America, Georgia's economy began to mimic that of Due north and South Carolina—plantations sprouted up as the system of slavery made farmers very wealthy.
The Lost Colony
Roanoke
Roanoke was one of the starting time colonization efforts by the British and if luck had been on its side, you probably would be studying the 14 colonies for your APUSH exam. Sir Walter Raleigh was granted a lease to prepare up a colony on Roanoke Island in North Carolina and after some fits and starts information technology was colonized in 1587. Information technology has been called the "Lost Colony" because when resupply ships returned less than five years afterward, it had been entirely abandoned. To this day, no ane is sure what happened.
This is ultimately a fascinating story and one you should be familiar with for yous APUSH test, but the mystery of this is non likely to pop up on test twenty-four hours. What you lot practise desire to remember, still, is how willing the British were to get a stronghold prepare up in the New Earth. True, this was the Age of Exploration, but Europeans were as well looking for wealth. Failures similar this (even Jamestown almost starved itself into nonexistence!) prevented neither the monarchy nor the explorers from returning with greater resolve.
The 13 Colonies and the Route to Revolution
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
OK, so we have shown you in this APUSH review the ways that the three regions that made of the 13 colonies were geographically, culturally, and economically dissimilar from 1 another. Just you should have also noticed that there were similarities not only within each region, but between the regions too. These are the things that explain the origins of the American Revolution—which is pretty much the entire reason for the beingness of the United States, and therefore, something you really should get to know for your APUSH exam.
First, faith played a cardinal function. And in several of the 13 colonies, the idea of religious tolerance was seen as an important asset. Remember, this was a time when religious wars were taking identify beyond Europe. The colonists wanted to escape this for sure.
Second, this was the age of mercantilism. In fact, the main reason for the colonies to accept existed was to make turn a profit. And so, even though the South increasingly relied on slavery, when the New England colonies did non, profit was still a central goal.
And third, fifty-fifty though all the colonists were British, they were all starting to get real tired of the crown. The king and queen taxed their businesses, even though they received petty in return. They couldn't even vote in English language elections, only their ain. Which gave them a sense of independence from the crown—something that would go on getting stronger over time.
So, remember these three central themes most the 13 colonies for your upcoming APUSH test. If you call up virtually all 13 I these terms, you'll go an idea of how dissimilar each region was, merely also how similar. These are the foundations for both the Revolutionary State of war and the Ceremonious War.
What Y'all Need to Know for the AP® The states History Exam
Now that nosotros've got a pretty solid sense of the histories and themes that are of import for the thirteen colonies, let'southward take a wait at the ways the College Board has looked at the topic in years past.
Here is an instance multiple-choice question taken from the AP® Us History Course and Exam Description put out by the College Board. Read the excerpt and then answer the question:
"Exist it enacted … That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no appurtenances or merchandises whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, whatever colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America … in whatever send or bottom, simply what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations … and navigated with the masters and iii fourths of the mariners of the said places only … nether pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English language Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696
i. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England's North American colonies?
(A) Developing them as a producer of manufactured goods
(B) Aiding them in developing merchandise with other European nations
(C) Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism
(D) Protecting them from American Indian attacks
The answer is C. Recollect that this was an age of mercantilism and profit. All the 13 colonies—New England, the Heart, and the Due south—were concerned with this and this passage proves it.
"Analyze the origins and evolution of slavery in United kingdom's North American colonies in the menses 1607 to 1776."
You now know that the Southern Colonies increasingly relied on cash crops similar tobacco, rice, and eventually cotton in social club to make profits. This was specially truthful later Virginia failed extraordinarily at searching for gilded and other ways to make a quick buck. These crops were labor intensive, however. But that didn't finish the Due south from importing numerous slaves from African and making themselves rich in the procedure.
Just remember everything that we have covered in this APUSH review of the xiii colonies and you're certain to go questions similar these down for your upcoming AP® US History exam!
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